Tuesday, August 27, 2013

Motivation - Can I motivate you to learn?

Motivation - Can I motivate you to learn?

For years in my role as a trainer or program manager I have heard management tell me, "Make sure my team learns everything". They usually want their team to be in a workshop or training for some time and leave that session by knowing everything about a particular skill, product or leadership qualities. The biggest thing we forget to address when creating these kinds of training programs is that internal motivation is one of the most important things that can help an attendees tap into.

In an instructor led training class it is easy to read the expressions of the attendees to change and flex the model of your training with examples to help them understand a concept. In an online environment it is much more difficult to do this. That's why it is important as designers that we build the session or training in such a way that we guide the learners through a series of motivational check points.

Motivation appears to be enhanced when learner's expectancies are satisfied wand when they attribute their success to their own efforts and effective learning strategies. Learners become increasingly self-regulated when they acquire skills to monitor their own progress and manage their own learning environment and when they are provided the opportunity to employ these skills (Psychology of learning for instruction).

According to John M. Keller you need to have the following four conditions ARCS model

A- Attention
R- Relevance
C- Confidence
S- Satisfaction

We need to integrate this and build upon the sources of motivation as this will help us to systematically build instruction to effectively meet the motivational needs of the learners. These are the strategies for stimulating motivation during training/learning sessions.

Attention - To stimulate more lasting curiosity called an attitude of inquiry, instructors should employ techniques that invoke a sense of mystery and involve students in solving problems. To make the most of curiosity caused by stimulus changes, instructors can capture students interest by using novel or unexpected approaches to instruction or injecting personal experiences and humor.

Relevance - To be motivated, learners must first recognize that given instruction has personal utility that is will help them achieve personal goals or ends. Instructors can assist in this recognition by providing statements of utility along with the goals of instruction, or helping learners to define their own goals and statements of utility.

Confidence - Progressive disclosure, or telling learners what is expected of them as they are ready and able to understand the requirements. In addition, learners can be shown how complex, seemingly unreachable goals are made more manageable by their being broken down into sub-goals and small steps.

Satisfaction - Opportunities to use newly acquired skills or knowledge in meaningful ways allow for the natural consequences of learning. In the absence of natural consequences, use positive consequences such as verbal praise, real or symbolic awards. Ensure equity by maintaining consistent standards and matching outcomes to expectations.

When building training programs if I overlook these four conditions, I have a hard time connecting with my learners. These are simple strategies and can make the world of difference for you as a trainer and for your learners.

Thursday, July 11, 2013

How do you 'define' Learning?

'Learning', as a word, is used as a constant in our lives. We talk about learning different skills, language and as a parent it is always about what your child is learning. So how do we define learning? To answer this question articulately I opened my graduate school text book called Psychology of Learning for Instruction, by Marcy P. Driscoll. A fabulous read and is humbling experience because it reminds you of the basics. The following information were lines highlighted by me in the text. This information was helpful for me and I thought I should share this with you too. 

Learning is a persistent change in human performance or performance potential.

Let's divide this concept in three key segments that are required for this process to take place.

The results: What are these changes in performance?
The means: What are the processes by which the results are brought about?
The inputs: What triggers the process to occur?

Results 
In my previous article I talked about the term ADDIE. The 'A' stood for Analyze. As an instructional designer or trainer you will work with the SME or Stakeholders to understand the the goal of the training. Which means what are the results we are training to achieve through this training? What should the attendee or user of this training should be able to do that they were not able to do before? These then become the starting point of the training and are called 'Training Objectives'.

Means
how are we planning to deliver this training? Is this going to be ILT (Instructor led) or will this be online? Are there parts of this training that we can provide in a document as a self study so that attendees are better prepared? All these decisions are based on things like the location of the attendees (local or global), the type of concept being taught and overall training budget.

I will be writing another article on Cognitive information processing (CIP) that will explain the concept of chunking information better.

Inputs
This is a continuation of the 'means'. What kind of aids are we providing so that the learner can assimilate the knowledge faster? What are the triggers or learning activities you are providing in the training session? This is in direct alignment to the 'D' - Design phase of ADDIE. It is just not enough to provide information during the training session but how the information is presented is also important. For instance if the concept is in-depth and might require hours of training, then it is best to chunk it out. More information is stored in the memory once you chunk it out and provide it in sequence. Creating modules or segments in training is the best way to provide information in sequence and spreading it out from easy to hard concepts.

Learning occurs when you train someone. Hence, it is very important to follow these techniques when designing your training in order to be successful in your program.

Wednesday, July 10, 2013

Training Evaluations

In graduate school I was taught the term ADDIE, it was:

A - Analyse
D - Design
D - Develop
I - Implement
E - Evaluate

This was the term used in order to describe the training process. From inception to delivery. The first four letters were a sure shot. You had to follow these in order to successfully deliver your training. You will work with the SME or if you are the SME you will Analyze how you want to deliver the training? What will be the content, etc. You will then work on Designing the training. The sequence of flow of topics, whether it is a basic level course, intermediate or advanced. Development is very strong in e-learning type of training as it is extremely time consuming. This is also true of an ILT class (Instructor Led Training) where the instructor spends a lot of time in preparing the content, the hand outs and the labs. Then comes the Implementation part which needs to happen in order to deliver the training. This delivery can happy face to face, through an online webcast medium or through elearning. All these decisions are taken into account during the Analyze phase. Analyze stage is extremely important.

Last and the most forgetful or rather orphaned stage is Evaluation. In a fast paced environment trainers and program managers are required to do evaluations (sometimes due to policy sometimes just to inflate their egos) overall the evaluations always look like smiley sheets. I have sat through many such trainings where I am suppose to fill out a sheet of whether I liked the training or not. It is that simple. But is it that simple?

No it is not. Kirkpatrick has four levels of evaluation and the first level is the smiley sheet or the reaction level. The only thing the first level of evaluation measures is the reaction of the attendees. It doesn't provide you enough information as a trainer to make improvements to the content of your training. We, in training know that content is the king. We have to be true to this concept.

The four levels of Kirkpatrick's evaluations are 1) Reaction 2) Learning 3) Behavior 4) Results. A good evaluation survey will concentrate on all four levels of questions. Here is an example of one of the surveys I built. This particular survey does not include the 'Results' or 'Measuring ROI' of the training. That cannot be measured right after the training but the trainer can follow up with stakeholders 30 to 60 days after the training session to measure the results.

Course Title:___________
Instructor:_____________
Date: _______________
Location: ____________


Course Design                                                       

The length of the course was sufficient to cover all objectives.    5          4          3          2          1          N/A
Time allotted for various sections was appropriate.                    5          4          3          2          1          N/A
The activities helped my understanding of the materials.             5          4          3          2          1          N/A
The course was interactive.                                                      5          4          3          2          1          N/A

Instructor                                                                        

The instructor demonstrated knowledge of the content.           5          4          3          2          1          N/A
The instructor had excellent presentation skills.                       5          4          3          2          1          N/A
The instructor encouraged participation.                                 5          4          3          2          1          N/A
The instructor used relevant sales examples                  5          4          3          2          1          N/A
The instructors command on the local language was good          5          4          3          2          1          N/A

Materials                      

The participant materials supported the learning objectives.        5          4          3          2          1          N/A
The materials were valuable during class.                                   5          4          3          2          1          N/A
The materials will be useful on the job.                                       5          4          3          2          1          N/A



What impact and value do you see these tools and techniques having on your future sales ?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What can we do to improve this program?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thursday, June 20, 2013

Should all training be digital?


The lame old training folder


How many of you have gone to training workshops and classes and received a huge training folder, never to be seen again? I found mine from an old workshop I attended and thought of using it as a door stopper - no, really I did. As a training professional I too have been a victim of developing these kinds of folders and passing them around. I convinced myself that the learners/users will have something to take back to their desk a tangible asset of the time they spent in training. In reality this is never used. 

Note - This essay is not about creating online training but the focus is on distribution of training documentation. 

The most effective way of providing information in today's world is by putting those materials online. It could be your company's Sharepoint site, Shared drive or an online training platform like an LMS (Learning management System). This way you can keep the documents updated and have it accessible to the users as and when they need it. Of course, you can say that everyone has a different style of learning. Some like paper in their hand when they are learning. In that case when you put documents online you give your user the choice to review the material through a digital format or to print it out as they see fit. 

You are also saving a few trees in the process. Jokes aside this is the most efficient way to maintain your documents and to keep version controls. In companies where information is getting updated every so often it is important to make sure your users have the latest information. So let's review some benefits of not creating training folders but rather adding information online:
  • Accessibility
  • Ease of use
  • Version control
  • Tracking
  • No wastage of paper

Powerpoint presentations sometimes require print outs so that users can make notes on each slide as they move through the presentation. This is helpful but definitely is not a must have. In workshops where they don't provide powerpoint print outs users end up making notes in their own note pads. 

Exceptions are always there. If you as a trainer or facilitator and have come across a situation where you think a print out was better than having that information online then you should share.


Wednesday, June 19, 2013

Leveraging Social Media for Work

I am a believer in Social Media. I use our run of the mill sites like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn almost on daily basis. I get up with a device (smart phone)  in my hand to see the updates of the day and sometimes when I am trying to put my son to sleep I sneak in the updates with my smart phone at night too. Okay, I admit I check my social media updates every night before I go to bed.

In the early years of online community forums such groups communicated via email. Yahoo groups for instance was huge and still is being used worldwide for sending information on When is the next group meeting? What can we do at our next event? Things like this. Once you become part of the group you would start getting emails and you could choose to reply or just be a silent observer. A great tool but didn't feel real time and sometimes the discussion got lost in too many emails. As a training professional and an individual who is always interested in learning an email just didnt do it.

For the past year the idea of using Social media at work has garnered more strength. For companies like Google and Salesforce this is a given but in the semi conductor industry things were catching up. Some companies did better than others. These social sites were special. These social media or platforms were specially built or customized for companies. As companies want to make sure that employee comments and inputs are not seen by the world. They are only meant for internal eyes only. This also helps to foster trust and openness to create internal communities with similar likes or interests inside the company. These could be work related or could just be some fun activities. A platform for spreading ideas. Does this also help in learning?

I am currently using Salesforce Chatter to announce various training events at work.  This becomes a great way to get comments and feedback real time. For instance when a training is announced and if someone is traveling or for some reason cannot attend it they just reply to the post by saying 'Where can I find the reference material or the recording?' This way whatever our reply is to that person the entire teams has visibility. The communication messages and information become visible is to a larger audience. Plus it is there when you need it. The other advantage of using a medium like this is that is functions based on your behavior. If you are a person who is too busy to actually login to the platform to see what is latest you can set up email triggers to be sent in your inbox. This way when you come to work and read your emails you can also see what is going on in the Chatter (Social Media) space. It is also a great platform for sharing pictures and ongoing stories. We have global events and our teams add their pictures of the work events and notes to share with all. This truly has a community feel and fosters stronger work culture. Till now learning about the company and the work culture through Social media has been the best experience.

I am not signing off with this post but rather will continue to write about my experience using Social media for learning.